Foreign Literature written by Luan Rexhepi and Qazim Baroni. This book was meant for Secondary School and published by Albanian Society

Foreign Literature written by Luan Rexhepi and Qazim Baroni. This book was meant for Secondary School and published by Albanian Society

Quote from the first page; –

“The Beginnings of Greek Literature

The most ancient moments of classical Greek literature are the epic poems “The Iliad” and “The Odyssey” of Homer, which originated in Asia Minor, among the Ionians. This is not to say that the Greeks were lacking in poetic creation before Homer, only that the Homeric poems were the oldest works of artistic value were written down, and so passed into historic tradition. This was assisted by the invention of the alphabet, of northern Semitic origin, which was received and further developed by the Greeks of Asia Minor, especially by the Ionians, in the 9th and 8th centuries BC, when the epopee of Homer is thought to have been drafted. The invention of writing was the decisive factor which served for the development not only of the epopee, but of every form of culture.”

(Underlined by us)

Development of script and language is shown with the development of civilisation and along with the politics, culture, and economy! See this

“When, after the Persian Wars, Athens took first place not only in trade, but also in political and cultural life, the dialect of Athens – Attic – became the literary language of all Greeks.”

“In the genre of comedy, the most notable writer of the epoch was Menander. He enriched the stage with progressive ideas, drawing his themes from daily life. He fought against superstition, and defended the rights of women and slaves. His influence extended not only to the Roman playwrights Plautus and Terence, but even to Shakespeare and Moliere”

(Quote from page 7 of ibid) Here we find the progressive ideologues are sympathetic to slaves, advocate their ‘rights’, even though not fighting for their emancipation!

Page 12

While praising the poem, it brings out its limitations as well;

“Despite its indisputable grandeur, the Homeric epos has significant ideological limitations. It idealises individuals, heroes, leaders, on whom the main attention of the poet is concentrated. The tribal aristocracy is idealised; the class contradictions are clearly brought out. But the poet does not show the masses in struggle, exaggerating the role of powerful heroes. This is seen also in the attitude of the poet towards his characters.”

Are we different today? In fact, religion, caste, nationality have become the biggest enemy of working class; breaking their unity, even by murdering them!

William Shakespeare

The book describes him not a simple entertainer but as a thinker, who is pained with the feudal system and not happy with the capitalism, which is rising from the wombs of the former. See the following; –

“In “Richard III”, who used England as his private estate, the causes of civil wars were analysed. Shakespeare opposed to the power of the rich historical necessity, which led to class struggle, mistakes and crimes” (Page 21).

He was a social writer, see here; –

“In these plays the contradictions between the plebeians and the aristocracy, the clashes between the republican and the monarchic leaders, were exposed, that is to say, they dealt in reality with topical problems of the 16th century.” (Page 21)

Macbeth

Here (In the above drama by Shakespeare) author shows how class character affects the individual, see here; –

“Its theme is this: egoistic ambition for power, the vice of class society, destroys the soul of a brave and honourable man, and casts him into the abyss.” (Page 23)

Classicism

Greatness of the book lies its scientific explanation of any trend of art, writings, etc. The social background, existing social class, existing class struggle against injustice gives rise to a particular political, social, cultural, literature, etc; that is, a superstructure based on the society’s existing economic condition!

See this,

“The struggle of the absolute monarchic state (In France in 17^th Century) to create a system of government with iron discipline to serve the interests of the aristocracy, together with the efforts this stratum to show off its behaviour, feelings and tastes – this became the first historical-social factor which inspired the creation of a definite school or trend of thought in life, in culture, and in art, a movement called by the name of “classicism”. Its most concentrated expression is to be found in literature.”

(Page 29)

Could not be better!

Other authors praise this Classical era of France in 17^th Century, here the authors talk of the ground which gave birth to a particular trend, the resistance by the peasants against the autocracy and the outcome in literature! Readers will be astonished to know, same was with Shakespeare, which I have mentioned above!

Now a French art, drama and culture. “Moliere has given us in finished art, the type of the bourgeois of the period of the primitive accumulation of capital.” (Page 39)

This artist, who worked on stage as writer, owner, actor (1622- 1673) shows the pains of class divided society of French feudalism, which was losing ground against new emerging capitalism. In his play “The miser”, the master shows us the nature of a bourgeois, who though knows how to profit, but remains a miser and does not even fulfil his duties as a parent!

This book, is worth gold. To understand the meaning of a true art, social art, it picks up the authors, here Moliere, the French artist, writer & stage actor, through whom, it shows, how imaginary characters can and does show the existing society, the class characters, and yet, make the drama, the creation a national hit! See this: –

“Moliere expressed the most progressive thought of the time in his struggle against the religious world outlook and the savage reaction of the clergy. He was the sworn enemy of every form of religious or social hypocrisy and he exposed them with great courage.”

(Page 41)

Tartuffe, the villain, the religious fraud, did become synonym for “religious hypocrisy”, nay, “hypocrisy” in general in France!

Romanticism

Now, we come to Romanticism, after having seen Classicism! To start with, let us see how this book deals this emerging trend in literature, was it incidental, writer’s imagination or some social economic background?

See this: –

“……… Like other movements, romanticism did not arise accidentally; it had its roots in the economic-social changes occurred as a result of the bourgeois revolutions, and especially of the French Revolution. A powerful impetus was given to romanticism by the liberation movements of the masses of the people which broke out after this revolution, by the struggle against feudalism and national oppression, by the disillusionment which affected broad social strata as a result of the non-realisation of the promises of the French Revolution.”

(Page 43)

Does it sound logical? In fact, while the class struggle that was brewing; that of between the new bourgeois class and the proletarian and the bourgeoisie and old decaying Feudalism, which wanted its past glory to be recovered; set a movement in the literature, art!

Art is reflection of social realities. See this from page 45: –

“Progressive and revolutionary romanticism was one of the most powerful and most progressive trends in the history of literature. The positive elements of this romanticism, its revolutionary pathos, form today a component part of the art of socialist realism which, armed with Marxist-Leninist ideology, with the theory of class struggle, is in a position to show the true road to the bright future of mankind.”

Don’t we see, same in our country, in form of writings on Maharana Pratap, Lakshmi Bai; by Prem Chand and in recent past, Bhikhari Thakur (People’s poet, stage dramatist, artist in Bihar), and others? Poems, stories against the oppression of mankind, even if it lacked clear depiction of class struggle, but smell of class oppression was always there!

And see, how this book shows you the changes in literature, through Classicism to Romanticism, reflection of social reality (Page 46)

“In depicting external environment, the romanticists – unlike the classicists, for whom only everlasting things had importance, elements which they regarded as common to all countries and all times – were particular, with that which changed from one epoch to country to another, from one country to another – that is, with local colouring.”

Byron, The British Aristocrat, who turned against own Class & Poet

“The poet places all this description of Albanian life in romantic antithesis to life in the aristocratic-bourgeois society of Britain, to the spirit of profit and hypocrisy which dominates that society, with the dissolute morals and egoism of its official circles.”

This book excels in finding out the rebels, who criticise their own class, hypocrisy based on exploitation by the feudal and rising capitalists and also limitations of the rebels of yester years, who did not see the full developed capitalism or imperialism and hence had no concept of class less society! Perfect historical materialism and dialectics!!

This poet, advances though in limits of Romanticism of his time, but politically is much aware compared to his counter parts and as such the book brands his “Militant Romanticist”.

 Book says- “THE AGE OF BRONZE” (1823), a satirical poem exposes the activity of the reactionary Holy Alliance. This alliance was signed between the rulers of Russia, Austria and Prussia in 1815, after the fall of Napoleon; later the monarchs of other states joined the alliance. This was a league of the rulers against the peoples of Europe, to fight against revolution.

Byron despises Landowners and Bourgeoisie, growing fat on the backs of other peoples of Europe through wars which became the source of wealth for merchants! We don’t find such depiction of reality, today in our literature, be it India or even in USA, which has become fat, nay, a very small section of USA people, and the elite, by way of selling weapons for the regular war every year!!

Don Juan

The world through which Don Juan; the Hero of the work, young Spaniard Juan, intends to travel Greece, Turkey, Russia, etc; and based on his experience, the author shows a world of exploitation, of social injustice, of cruelty and moral degeneration.

Novel “Don Juan” rings out powerfully the theme of revolution. The poet’s dream is directed forward, to a bright future. He has complete faith that the time will come when men will, in the end, attain freedom and live in “the new age”. The poet calls on the peoples of Europe to follow the example of rebellious Spain and Greece. “Only revolution with its iron hand can save the world from the torments of hell”!

What vision, what fire in Byron to fight against the injustice, a firm supporter of Revolution (In India, middle class is against even thought of Revolution, as they are scared of unknown, and do not wish to move out of their ‘cushy’ present, though very unsatisfied from their own living conditions)

See the importance of Byron, where Engels wrote,

“Shelley and Byron, with their ardent feeling and bitter satire of contemporary society, drew a majority of their readers from among workers; the bourgeois kept in his house only so-called ‘family publications’, publications devoid of content and appropriate to the hypocritical morality of the time”. (Page 60)

CRITICAL REALISM

Critical realism was a literary trend which flourished in Europe in the 19th century. It replaced that of progressive romanticism! Realism means the truthful reflection in literature of objective reality, of life and of human character!

(Was not our Munshi Prem Chand, and to some extent Rabindranath Tagore in this category?)

Balzac, was a true representative of this trend due deep contradictions of remaining Feudalism and emerging Capitalism, while on the other side victorious Capitalism vs. working class and peasants!

In UK Dickens, in USA Mark Twain and Jack London are few examples of this trend!

Russia began particularly with Pushkin’s novel “Evgeni Onegin” and was represented by a series of notable writers such as Turgenev, Chekhov and Leon Tolstoy

The Spread of Critical Realism in the World

“With the development of capitalism in Europe and America went a corresponding broad development in the literature of critical realism, until by the middle of the 19th century it had become the dominant literary trend.”

(Page 65)

This relation of ground reality and the literature, gives the readers the holistic picture of the work, the background of writer’s mind, his relation with the contemporary society, the class contradiction and his preference to a particular class, and even his limitations! Vow! Is this explanation, research not unique compared to other critics?

See, today’s critics of books, movies, stories, novels, blogs, novels, poems, etc; how shallow and sketchy they are, void of any ground reality! Even the language used by these writers are far away from the present language used by the people and prefer to use flowery and worse by the English authors! Natural, as they lack the social reality, lack even the basic understandings of prevailing class consciousness among the exploited, rising antithesis of class struggle, seen in rhetoric, religiosity, national chauvinism!!!

Balzac

“.. he emphasised the idea that work and happiness in bourgeois society cannot be reconciled, that some strata of society are obliged to work, while the fruits of this work, happiness and amusement are appropriated by other social strata.”

(Page 73)

Jack London

American literature did not fall back! Here is great peace from this great Leftist writer, when he was arrested in Canada for vagrancy;

“The whole of life revolves around food and shelter. For a man to obtain food and shelter, he must sell something. The shopkeeper sells shoes; the politician sells his conscience; women, whether they are dissolute or joined in the holy bonds of matrimony, are ready to sell their bodies. All are buyers and sellers. But the worker can find only one thing to sell — his muscles”.

With all his weakness, Jack London is a successful writer in showing the real conditions of the working class, the role of media, reactionary political parties and Trade Unions, religion in breaking the revolution of the oppressed class to favour the oppressor, in all his novels!

See, what a revolutionary character in his novel “The Iron Heel” says:

“We demand all that you possess. We shall be content with nothing less than all that you possess. We shall take into our hands the reins of power and the destiny of mankind. These are our hands. They are strong. They will take from you your governments, your palaces and all your purpled ease, and in that day you shall for your bread”!

SOCIALIST REALISM (Part 2 of the Book)

Now we come to 2^nd part of the book! Russian literature during the revolutionary is described as the reflection arising from the contradiction of deep class antagonism and fight for hegemony. See here:

“In Gorky’s novel ‘The Mother’, which appeared in 1906, he laid the foundations of the new proletarian literature, the literature of socialist realism. The formation of Gorky as proletarian writer, as founder of the literature of socialist realism was linked with — apart from the above factors, the struggle of the proletariat and the spread of Marxism — the earlier literary heritage and contemporary literary experience. But in the first place, as the favourable literary terrain on which the creativity of Gorky was nourished, was the Russian literature of critical realism: the works of Pushkin, Tolstoy, Nekrasov and many other writers.” (Page 2)

Socialist realism reflects life with truthfulness and in its revolutionary development!

Further, the authors are honest to the core and even declare their ‘preference’ to a particular class, here, the working class; “. There is bourgeois partisanship and communist partisanship, depending upon the interests of which class the writer defends.”!

Maximum Gorky

“The proletarians and working people of the world, reading the novel, found there the main problems which troubled them, found there not only the reflection of their pain but also the path of their salvation. The novel ‘The Mother’ taught them to understand that escape from suffering and social injustice lay in their own hands; that it could be attained only by assimilating scientific communism, by creating the revolutionary party, by rising in struggle.” (Page 19, Part 2)

Mayakovsky

“….is the poem ‘V. I. Lenin’. It fully and finally affirmed the method of socialist realism in poetry. With this poem began the period of maturation and full flowering of Mayakovsky’s revolutionary talent. The poem includes rich material from the centuries-old history of the struggle of the proletariat, from its birth to its triumph in one-sixth of the world….”

(Page 38, Part II)

BERTOLT BRECHT

 Brecht is among the distinguished representatives of socialist realist art. As a creator, he is many-sided: poet, dramatist, director, critic and publicist.

In the poetical chronicle of Brecht one finds the simple man with a life filled with troubles, one finds the exploitation of the capitalist system, but one also finds the fighter for the new life, the worker, the peasant, the soldier in the trenches of world-wide slaughter, the heartless gentlemen of capital, the fascists, the wounds of human life; interrupted love, the beautiful dream of a new life, the mother, the child, eminent leaders of the working class, the Anti-Fascist Front, the Party, the revolution! (Page 45, Part II)

Conclusion

Now, dear readers, I will not flood you with literature anymore, if you have endured me so far! My last quote from the above book, is from the early childhood struggle of Gorky!

“When he was a child, working as a dishwasher on a ship, he came to know a cook who had a great love for books. He communicated love of reading to Gorky. In the cook’s book-filled chest, “in the most surprising library in the world”, as Gorky called it, there were books of the most varied kinds. He read eagerly: “From these books”, wrote Gorky, “in my soul a strong belief was created: I was not alone in the world and I should not get lost”. (Page 11, Part 2)

Youths are becoming vegetables

Do you know close to 2 Million youths and others get oral cancer every year in India, mainly because of habitual use of tobacco and related products. Gutka and others cause cancer but the victims get used to it knowing well the associated danger as they become psychologically diseased and so are smokers getting lung cancer, not talking about alcohol consumption.

The present economic system acts for profit and despite so called warning on all these products, “Injurious to health” and ban on children, these dangerous products are being sold in every nook and corner. Why government does not ban them? Revenue and profit for the producers! Do you say employment for many? It is not merely corruption or crony capitalism but capitalism, which took the form of monopoly capitalism more than a century back. And now we have different forms of fascism or Nazism, further making people (including youths) modern slaves of capitalism.

Social media is another form of such disease, where the youths become dull, lose critical brains and ability to resist exploitation and injustice. On the contrary, many join the capitalist class in name of saving religion, god, caste system, charismatic leaders, nationalism, etc.

If you understand where lies the disease you may be able to find solution, otherwise keep hunting solution, like there are many NGOs who uplift few 100s of child labor and get accolade, but in the meantime more than 1000s become child labors, including as rag pickers!

Why Dictatorship of the Proletarian Class Essential for Socialist Construction?

Why Dictatorship of the Proletarian Class:
Now, amidst the horrors of the imperialist war, the proletariat is receiving a most vivid and striking illustration of the great truth taught by all revolutions and bequeathed to the workers by their best teachers, the founders of modern teachers. This truth is that no revolution can be successful unless the resistance of the exploiters is crushed. When we, the workers and toiling peasants, captured state power, it became our duty to crush the resistance of the exploiters. We are proud we have been doing this. We regret we are not doing it with sufficient firmness and determination.
We know that fierce resistance to the socialist revolution on the part of the bourgeoisie is inevitable in all countries, and that this resistance will grow with the growth of this revolution. The proletariat will crush this resistance; during the struggle against the resisting bourgeoisie it will finally mature for victory and for power.
Letter to American workers by VI Lenin

The Chinese Batteries Open Up Against Modern Revisionism: Enver Hoxha

EH under the above quoted heading says, “China has begun to publish a series of articles in reply to the open letter of the Communist Party of Soviet Union. The first article, treating the theme of the differences, which we read today, was very good. Now the Chinese batteries have opened up. This is a great victory for Marxism-Leninism. The exposure of the traitors could wait no longer. The cup had been filled to overflowing even earlier.

Now we are entering a new, more advanced phase of the struggle against revisionism, we are entering the phase of the overall organization of the struggle of the communists throughout the world.”

Reflections of China (Volume I) 06 Sep, 1963

Seemingly, EH was glad, as we can see. But was this fight against the modern revisionism enough, after a long dilly dally approach by the CPC, or did the CPC continue the struggle in right direction. We shall see that later, but we know today, that the world proletarian class lost against the modern revisionists; Khrushchevites, Titoites, Trotskyites and other trends.

Our task is huge, not merely proletariat revolution, but before, re-establish Marxism-Leninism and relearn various lessons learnt during Stalin era in USSR and elsewhere, later rise of revisionism in USSR and fall of all the socialist countries to imperialist powers, last being Albania.

The conditions of Working Women in Tito’s Yugoslavia

The position of working women in Yugoslavia Tito.

 “As a result of the counter-revolutionary policy of the Tito-Ranković clique, which usurped party and state power, an anti-communist police state, a regime of the fascist type, was established in Yugoslavia.”  (Resolution of the Information Bureau of November 29, 1949.)

In every state where the exploitation of the minority by the majority exists, the workers and peasant women are doubly oppressed: firstly, by capital, and secondly, by what Lenin would call “domestic slavery”, they are burdened with the lowest, most ungrateful, most difficult and most painful tasks: tasks related to the personal family household.

And like the capitalist state that it is, the post-war regime established by Tito and his cabal in Yugoslavia offered that reality for working women.  They were fired indiscriminately from “self-managed” capitalist enterprises; when they got a job, they were paid worse than men for the same job; the state forced them to do housework; they were left to their own devices, without any unemployment benefits, maternity benefits, etc.

The following text, written in 1953 by Ekaterina Avramova, a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bulgaria, very well describes the situation of working women under the police regime established by Tito’s butchers in Yugoslavia, and gives some facts about this regime.

Slave status of women in Yugoslavia.  [Ekaterina Avramova; 1953]

As is always the case in the capitalist world, and even more so today, in the period of the imperialists’ frenzied preparations for war, women and youth in the capitalist countries are the victims of the most ruthless exploitation.  In fascist Yugoslavia, the exploitation of women and youth is carried out with bestial strength.  All the horrors of capitalism, restored by the treacherous gang of Tito, are felt, first of all, by the working people of Yugoslavia.

After the liberation of Yugoslavia by the Soviet army, the Tito gang, trying to disguise its disgusting appearance of traitors and spies, was forced, under pressure from the masses, to pretend that it would adhere to the path firmly chosen by all the peoples of central and south eastern Europe liberated by the Soviet army – the path of the people’s democracy.  The Yugoslav Constitution of 1946 not only proclaimed the equality of women, but also contained some provisions guaranteeing such equality: equal pay for equal work, legal protection of mother and child, opening of nurseries, kindergartens and other centres for the welfare of children.

Today, not a trace remains of these rights, won with the blood of the Yugoslav workers.  The principle of equal pay for equal work has long been buried, and the Yugoslav workers are once again forced to fight for this principle.

In Yugoslavia, the false “theories” of bourgeois economists are officially put forward that, since the productivity of women workers is lower than that of men, women are paid less for the same work than men.  For example, women working at the Napredak and Albus factories in Novi Sad are paid 15 per cent less than men for the same job.  Often the pay gap is 20-30 percent.  Currently, plant managers in Yugoslavia can use their discretion and set wage rates.  Thus, the capitalist-proprietors are constantly reducing the wages and, first of all, the wages of women.

For women in rural areas, the situation is no better.  Peasant women do the hardest work in Tito’s kulak “friends”, and everywhere they are paid less than men.

The fascist regime abolished not only the right of women to equal pay, but also an elementary human right – the right to work.  Subordinating the economy to the interests of preparing for war, the Yugoslav accomplices of US imperialism are increasingly curtailing civilian production.  The decline is especially noticeable in the textile and food industries, where women are predominantly employed.  This has already led to mass unemployment among women.  At present, according to far from complete figures, there are almost 130,000 unemployed women in industry in Yugoslavia.  The total number of unemployed does not include young unemployed women, as well as those who have learned a profession but cannot find work.  There are 20,000 unemployed women in Belgrade alone.  The number of unemployed is constantly growing.  The columns of the Titoist newspapers are full of advertisements for women ready to do any job.  In one of the last months of 1952, the Mediation Bureau in Belgrade received 1,500 applications from women of various professions.

 The Yugoslav fascist rulers, who are leading the country into economic and political disaster, are trying to fire as many women as possible, and they are especially targeting expectant mothers and mothers with young children.  Tito himself, the leader of the fascist gang, admits that over 90,000 married women have been fired from enterprises in the past twelve months.  In an attempt to justify their barbaric treatment of women, the Titoists have come up with the theory that Yugoslavia, they say, has entered a “socialist” phase of development, when women can safely return to their homes and devote themselves to cooking and raising children.  This is simply a repetition of Hitler’s statement that women are good only for the kitchen, the children and the church.

State protection of mother and child is one of the necessary conditions for the true equality of women.  The Tito gang has completely abolished the social benefit for working women.  Both employed and unemployed women, despite false negotiations with women leaders of the so-called “anti-fascist women’s front”, were left to fend for themselves.  The bourgeois newspaper Politika in Serbia cynically writes: “It is difficult to argue with the need to create better conditions for the children of workers and employees than those that their parents had. We are not against the construction of child care facilities, but today, when every dinar has to be taken into account, especially  after the drought, we must be more modest.Unwilling to tell the truth, “Politics” says nothing about the fate of the dinars, squeezed out of the sweat and blood of the people of Yugoslavia.At the same time, 78.6 percent of the 1953 budget will be spent on military spending.What  talking about building child care facilities when the Titoists, spurred on by American warmongers, hasten the construction of airstrips, strategic roads and military barracks?

 The state of public health and, above all, the health of children is a harsh indictment against the bloody regime of Tito.  Tito’s gang of murderers increased the infant mortality rate to the level of the colonial countries.  Mortality among newborns in some areas of Yugoslavia reaches 50 percent.  Not surprisingly, a Titoist newspaper recently wrote that in Yugoslavia “every second grave is a child’s grave.”

 Women in Yugoslavia work, if they have a job at all, until the moment they are about to give birth.  And they give birth to children in conditions that threaten the life of mother and child.  For example, in 1952 in the Sarajevo region, only 20 births out of 2,194 were attended by a doctor or midwife.

 Recently Tito’s obscurantists carried out a “reorganization” of the healthcare system, which meant, in fact, not only the cessation of any concern for the health of the working population, but also the cessation of any responsibility on the part of the central health authorities.  According to this reorganization, all medical institutions in Yugoslavia must be … self-sufficient.  Now employees pay for all medical services.

While the governments of the Soviet Union and the people’s democracies are helping the people in every possible way to strengthen the family, the family in Tito’s Yugoslavia, on the contrary, is being destroyed.  The number of abandoned and street children is steadily growing and is approaching 400,000. This has led to an increase in juvenile delinquency.  In Skopje, for example, 75 juvenile delinquents committed 338 crimes during 1952.  These were not cases of theft, but, in the words of the New Macedonia newspaper, “deliberate and egregious crimes.”

 From these facts, Tito’s newspapers draw the conclusion: the responsibility lies solely with the parents, they are to blame for the poor upbringing of their children.

 Don’t the butchers in Belgrade know that most of the fathers died fighting for their country against the Nazi occupation?  In addition, more than 250,000 fathers and mothers, Yugoslav patriots, languish in the prisons and concentration camps of Ranković.  Many workers and peasants are marching across the country in search of work to save their families from starvation.  For all these reasons, many children are left to their own devices and the pernicious influence of American gangster films and political literature that has flooded Yugoslavia.

 The Titoists want the youth to be trained like fascist cutthroats.  That is why they are increasingly insisting that the upbringing of children should be taken out of the control of parents.  They argue that children in the family are exposed to “reactionary” and “anti-socialist” influences.  The introduction of compulsory two-year non-barracks military service for young people shows the extent of the Titoist plans for young people.  Bandit Tito claimed that 230,000 girls in the country were trained in this way.  “Just imagine,” says this US imperialist mercenary, “what it means to have 230,000 trained nurses; that’s a huge army.”

Their American masters need cannon fodder, and Tito obediently prepares it for them.  This is the real reason for Tito’s preoccupation with the “education” of children and youths.

 Without political rights, doomed to unemployment, poverty, hunger, humiliation, unbearable motherhood and the ominous threat of a new war – such is the position of women in Yugoslavia thanks to the Tito gang.

 The women of Yugoslavia, who experienced and endured countless hardships during the Second World War and the Nazi occupation, do not want a new war.  And it can be said with certainty that they do not want a war against the Soviet Union and the people’s democracies.  The lies and slander of the Titoist traitors will never be able to erase from the memory of the Yugoslav people that it was the Soviet Army that liberated them from the Nazi yoke, that the Soviet Union is the best friend of the peoples of Yugoslavia.  The women of Yugoslavia have not forgotten the songs about the great and wise Stalin, which they composed with such love during and after the war.  They know that their friends are not to be found among the oppressors and executioners in America, they are not to be found among the Athenian monarcho-fascists or the Turkish reactionaries;  their friends can be found in the camp of peace, democracy and socialism.

 Firmly confident in the victory of their just cause, the women of Yugoslavia, together with male patriots, rise with growing determination to fight against the scoundrels of Tito, who robbed and deceived the people of Yugoslavia, deprived them of all rights, reduced them to poverty and expelled them from the camp of peace, throwing misanthropes into the camp and  killers.  In Yugoslavia, tens of thousands of brave patriotic women are in the prisons and concentration camps of Ranković and are constantly subjected to brutal repression by the courts.  But this cannot break the will of the women of Yugoslavia, who want to fight and win.  More and more patriotic women are rising up to take the place of the victims of the UGB [Gos.  Security of Yugoslavia (UDBA) – approx.  editions].  The female workers in the factories are fighting with the greatest tenacity against cruel exploitation.  The peasant women, for their part, are fighting against excessive taxes and outright robbery.  More and more women are leaving the Titoist women’s organization, tired of listening to disgusting fascist demagogy.

The women of Yugoslavia have accumulated considerable experience in the struggle against the Nazi invaders.  Today they use this experience in the struggle against the fascist Tito gang, in the struggle for bread and the lives of their children, for the complete liberation of their country from the clutches of American and British warmongers and their Yugoslav mercenaries, in the struggle for national independence, for peace and socialism,  for friendship with the great Soviet Union and the people’s democracies.

 The women of Yugoslavia strive to return to the camp of peace-loving peoples, and together with the working class and all working people they will achieve this.

✊🏿✊🏿

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How relevant is Marxism today?

Marxism is based on dialectical materialism. Dialectics is nature’s law, applicable to human society as well, exposes the interconnections of all the activities around us, the relation between the quantitative and qualitative changes (like accumulation of individual’s money in banks, where after certain amount, when it goes to a capitalist in form of loan, becomes capital, that is, it can hire and use labor power in a factory, mine, etc., which earlier was not possible in an individual’s hand), everything is in motion (which is reason behind the death of old and birth of new, that is, continuous change) and others.

Materialism means matter is primary and idea is secondary, that is, the world is material and there is no existence of an independent idea (in common language, there is no god).

So, dialectical materialism is the base of Marxism or Marxist philosophy, based on science. The latest discoveries, like gravitational waves, proves the law of dialectics and the scientific fact of materialism (atheism for understanding).

As a science, Marxism is further enriched, like Albert Einstein (himself a Marxist) by Lenin and now known as Marxism-Leninism. This ML ideology is further enriched and practiced by JV Stalin. Enver Hoxha, GS, PLA, practiced ML in Albania, through the dictatorship of the proletarian class and ensured building of socialism in Albania.

The development of human civilization follows this law, which we call historical materialism. That gives us insight into the past, present and even future, which allows us to work consciously and control our future in better fashion, like proletarian revolution for establishing socialism in place of outdated capitalism.

Yes, Marxism is very relevant today, more than yesteryears!

Philanthropy: For Whom?

Philanthropy, even if done honestly by some capitalists or rich people, it is not for the benefit of the working & the oppressed people, but to salvage one’s own “social” or religious feelings.

It only blurs the exploitation of the labor power by the capital, that is exploitation of the working class by the capitalist class, and delays the historical socialist revolution, through class struggle! It works like palliative for a short time, as we have seen ourselves, for centuries, that such donations, alms, helps have not uplifted the masses, but on the contrary, the masses, despite working very hard, have become poorer.

If one really wants to work for the mankind, for the poor and the wretched people, for the climate which is being degraded dangerously, we must work for class unity of the working class and socialist revolution!

#Revolution

Class Struggle must replace bourgeois rule

Bourgeois politics (In the interest of the capitalist class) has ceased to help the exploited & oppressed people long back! Ideologically it is absolutely bankrupt and politically extreme shameless and does not even mask itself to show that it is with the working people. Sole aim is economic; concentration and accumulation of the social and natural wealth.
What we witness today, globally, is nothing but absolute whitewash by the ruling class, in form of cosmetic surgery; laden with religion, racism, cultism, nationalism!
The Left “Opposition” is working like any other opposition in the broad frame work of capitalism and its various forms (Ultimate is monopoly capitalism or imperialism, as the highest stage of capitalism.). That is, no threat to the existence and the longevity of the (finance) capital.
The task of the revolutionary forces has increased manifold but the aim remains the same historical one, rule of the proletarian class to build socialism, through class struggle and on the graveyard of the bourgeois state machinery.

#Revolution

Appeal to the Ukrainian Workers by a Ukrainian Marxist to unite with Russian Workers in 1914

Editorial Comment on Ocksen Lola’s “Appeal to the Ukrainian Workers”

We have much pleasure in publishing the appeal of our Comrade, a Ukrainian Marxist, to the Ukrainian class-conscious workers. Unity irrespective of nations. This call is particularly urgent, in Russia at the present time. The petty bourgeois intellectuals of Dzvin*, the workers’ evil counsellors, are trying as hard as they can to drive a wedge between the Ukrainian and the Great-Russian Social Democratic workers. Dzvin is serving the cause of the international petty bourgeoisie.

We shall, however, serve the cause of the international workers; we shall rally, unite and merge the workers of all nations for united and joint activities.

Long live the close fraternal alliance of the workers of the Ukrainian, great-Russian and all the nations of Russia!

“Appeal to the Ukrainian Workers” was signed by Ocksen Lola was published in the newspaper “Trudovaya Pravda” on 29 June, 1914. The “Appeal” was drafted by Lenin and forwarded to ON Lola, as Lenin considered the appeal to come from the Ukrainian Social-Democrats.

* Dzvin (The Bell) A legal Menshevik monthly journal in Kiev, from Jan, 1913 to mid 1914.

Sri Lanka crisis : An Analysis (A Draft)

Sri Lanka in deep social, economic and political crisis: An analysis

We all, especially the Indians, know about Sri Lanka, a small island, with a population of slightly more than 20 million (2 Crore), where IPKF (Indian Peace Keeping Force) was stationed in 1987 for almost 3 years to help the government to stabilize the country, which was battling bloody war against LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) led armed struggle, but very soon was crushing LTTE with all the might. By the way, for first few days, the Indian soldiers used to be in very friendly relation with the LTTE militants, giving and accepting food and gifts.

Sri Lankan crisis started last 3 months, when the people found market was unable to supply them petrol, diesel, oil, food, etc. Whatever was available, had become very expensive, like food and scarcity of electricity became normal. World Food Program (WFP) feared, about 4.9 million (49 lakhs) people were on verge of starving.

Last few weeks, people are on road, protesting against the ex-President and now the new regime, demanding the resignation of all the old rulers. However, the protesting people have no vision to capture the state power themselves, as there is no revolutionary party, with a revolutionary idea, to educate and lead them.

Sri Lanka was reeling under heavy loan, more than 50 billion USD (50 Aarab $), of which 50% was from the world market.  Inability to pay back was due destruction of tourism (25% of the population are dependent on tourism) during Coronavirus Pandemic and even earlier due Easter explosion (on 21 April, 2019), in which 269 people were killed and more than 500 injured, in a terrorist attack.

Rajapaksa clan, based on personality cult, and polarization of the masses on religion, could do nothing to save the economic disaster. President Gotabaya fled the country (in his second effort, as in first effort, he was not allowed by the migration staff) via Male to Singapore and “officially” has resigned as President on 14 Jul, 2022. A “strong” President, loved by the Buddhists, the majorities of Sri Lanka, had got more than 40 thousand Tamilians and hundreds of activists, journalists, Leftists killed and was hailed as the emancipator of the country.

An emergency was declared by him on 01 April, 2022 to suppress the mass revolt, but that further fueled the movement and was withdrawn. Now after his departure, the new government has again declared emergency.

It must be noted that Sri Lankan’s closeness with China was not liked by the USA and even by India. Biden administration removed its name from Democratic Summit in 2021, where both India and Pakistan were invited.

Background: Loan in 2019 was close to 36 billion USD (Arab $). Sri Lanka’s loan from China was 10% of the whole debt, WB and ADB another 10%, and from US, Japan and other European monopoly banks was 80%. The bail out was offered by IMF, like it happens elsewhere. IMF loans are always with terms and conditions, which are designed not really to bail out the victim country, but rope it deeply, in a vicious circle, a whirlwind, which only drowns the victim or the target further. One of the conditions is always to cut down the subsidies (food, fertilizers, electricity, transportation, healthcare and education system, etc.) and welfare measure of the people. Another one is absolute destruction of labor laws, environment laws to favor the capitalist class in increasing profit rate and cut down its taxes and waive off the unpaid taxes and loans. Farm laws in most of the Latin, African and in India had been invented and implemented to rout the peasants from the land, make them agricultural workers and extract maxim profit from the agricultural land. Wherein the corporates always get the most of the benefits of such aids. Most of the Constitutions of the developed or undeveloped countries (in fact the state itself) favor the elite or the ruling class and not the proletarian class.

IMF, WB and other monopoly banking system forced Sri Lanka to produce goods for international market and earn profit, rather for home consumption. This helps finance capital to extract maximum profit, almost plunder the victim nations; monopolize their natural resources and public property, banks, etc. Law of uneven development works within a country as well as globally. And the effect can be seen in some parts of the world, both ruination or rise of a country economically.

Remember, Khrushchev advising Enver Hoxha to pay more attention on agriculture and small industries rather on heavy industrialization, and the industrial products would be exchanged from USSR in lieu of grains, other non-industrial and small goods or products from Albania?

Revolutionary Situation of Sri Lanka: When thousands of people had captured the Presidential residence and hundreds of thousands were in street, when police as well as army were immobilized and the PM resigned, the President ran away from the country, the so-called revolutionary forces, Communists were just part of the crowd as part of a “revolution”, rather marching forward to take over the state, establish their own state and machinery.

Lost opportunity, as these leaders and the party cadres never thought of revolution, neither were ready for that, and it seems they never appreciated the qualitative changes that occurs and leads to a revolutionary situation, presenting an opportunity for the proletarian class to take over the old state power, demolish it and build its own state. No socialist society can even be built while the state power is in the hands of the bourgeois class. What maximum can happen is, a pro people government, ensuring some subsidy and welfare measures, but this balance of power between the capitalist class and the proletarian class is never stable, but changes and in due course, when the unity of the working class and the oppressed people weakens, the bourgeois class takes over the state fully and all the ‘concessions’ given to the people are withdrawn. India is an example.

We had similar situations elsewhere, where we lost opportunity and what we gained was to analyze the past situation, learn the lessons again and again. Did we not have an opportunity in Kazakhstan recently? Earlier in Chile, in the leadership of Allende, in Burkina Faso, under the leadership of Thomas Sankara, and now in Bolivia and Venezuela? Well, we have example of social imperialist China and the leaders of the stated countries are over satisfied, unaware of the sword hanging over their neck, created by the US imperialism and NATO.

The Communist Parties of Sri Lanka had given up their class struggle (a direct confrontation between the capitalist class and the working class), leading to the question of the state power. Now, they are awaiting for next election to come to power and build socialism!!